Vztahy na pracovišti jsou jedna z nejdůležitějších věcí, které mají vliv na spokojenost se zaměstnáním. Pohodový kolektiv, chápavé vedení a dobrá atmosféra dokáží často převážit možná jiná profesní negativa. Na druhou stranu, pokud to v kolektivu neklape, velmi těžko to zlepšují vysněná pracovní pozice se slušným platem. Jak vypadá šikana na pracovišti a jak se jí dá bránit se dozvíte v tomto článku.
Co je šikana na pracovišti a jaké jsou její projevy?
Šikana na pracovišti znamená velmi vyhrocené vztahy, kdy se jeden nebo více členů pracovního kolektivu stávají obětí jedné nebo více dalších osob. Nejčastěji se jedná o psychický nátlak a agresi. Ty mohou dokonce vést až k vážným zdravotním potížím. Šikana v práci probíhá opakovaně nebo dlouhodobě, nejčastěji jde o urážky, pomluvy, ale i fyzické napadání nebo znesnadňování nebo přímo sabotáž pracovních úkolů.
Jaké jsou typy šikany na pracovišti?
Bossing
Jedná se o variantu šikany na pracovišti, které se dopouští nadřízený pracovník na svém podřízeném. Jde o chování vedoucího, které poškozuje podřízeného, znesnadňuje či znemožňuje mu jeho práci a postupně se stupňuje. Toto chování velmi často probíhá před kolegy podřízeného, jelikož v tu chvíli má agresor o to větší pocit nadvlády.
Mobbing
Jako mobbing se označuje šikana ze strany kolegů. I zde často dochází k ponižování a urážkám, mobbing se ale projevuje i neochotou spolupracovat na úkolech nebo přímo jejich neplněním tak, aby zkomplikovaly práci šikanovaného. Dalšími projevy může být ignorace, naschvály, zesměšňování a další.
Staffing
Staffing je třetí formou psychického násilí na pracovišti. Jedná se o šikanu ze strany podřízených. Tímto pojmem je označováno chování podřízených s cílem znemožnit či zcela zničit vedoucí pracovníky nebo vedení organizace. K nejčastějším projevům staffingu patří neplnění zadaných úkolů, šířením pomluv, zatajování podstatných informací, zcizováním věcí nezbytných k výkonu práce, falšování dokumentů a podobně.
Zákon a šikana na pracovišti
Šikanou a diskriminací na pracovišti se zabývá Zákoník práce, kde stojí například, že: „Zaměstnavatelé jsou povinni zajišťovat rovné zacházení se všemi zaměstnanci, pokud jde o jejich pracovní podmínky, odměňování za práci a o poskytování jiných peněžitých plnění a plnění peněžité hodnoty, o odbornou přípravu a o příležitost dosáhnout funkčního nebo jiného postupu v zaměstnání. Stejně tak je zde zakázána i jakákoli diskriminace.”
Pojem šikana, bossing či mobbing však v Zákoníku práce nikde vymezen není.
Jak se dá bránit šikaně na pracovišti?
První volbou, kam byste vždy měli jít je vždy zaměstnavatel, který by měl stížnost zaměstnance na šikanu na pracovišti řešit. Pokud se k tomu zaměstnavatel nemá nebo je toto řešení nedostačující, je možné kontaktovat příslušný inspektorát práce. Poslední možnost je potom soud.
V každém případě je nejdůležitější prevence – nadřízení, vedoucí, manažeři a další. Ti všichni by měli pečlivě sledovat atmosféru a vztahy ve firmě a při jakémkoli náznaku negativního vývoje vztahů se snažit vše uvést do pořádku. Důležité je mluvit o negativním dopadu šikany ještě, než se vůbec nějaká začne projevovat. Při prvních projevech nevhodného chování vůči druhým je pak nutné reagovat okamžitě.
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